Boredom, by contrast, was associated with lower gains in learning. Analyses revealed that learners who spent a greater proportion of the lessons in a state of confusion exhibited significantly greater gains in learning. As they worked through the lessons, researchers coded which of several emotions they seemed to exhibit, including confusion and boredom. Teachers who confuse their students sound like bad teachers.īut research suggests that some of the time, confusion can actually be a good thing - an important step toward learning.Ĭonsider a 2004 study in which participants learned basic computer literacy from an automated tutoring system. A textbook that confuses its readers sounds like a bad textbook.
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